At the political level, most Jews and most Catholics have accepted the liberal idea of religious freedom.
Modernity has been largely shaped for Jews by three momentous experiences: the acquisition of citizenship by individual Jews in secular nation-states, the destruction of one-third of Jewry in the Holocaust, and the founding of the State of Israel.
The relationship between God and his people was always the one having absolute primacy, the one that had basically to determine all human relationships, whether those within the covenanted community itself or those between the covenanted community and the outside world.
The Vatican's recognition of the State of Israel in 1997 could not have occurred without John Paul's leadership.